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It is a serious type of marine pollution caused by oil spill from ships or platforms. It is considered one of the most serious and problematic environmental accidents in marine waters. Before any authority or government agency can institute the most appropriate regulatory measures, it is vital to underscore the key causes of this environmental challenge.  First, leaks in pipes in oil platforms installed on the high seas should be checked and proper regulatory measures put in place.  Companies that undertake oil exploration and mining should also consider monitoring oil leaks in oil tankers. In addition, they extractors in the oil industry should refrain from launching in the sea water used in the washing tanks (reservoirs) of oil from oil tankers. In most instances, oil can directly reach the sea birds, causing them to die. The same problem can occur with marine animals such as seals, turtles and sea lions. When the leak occurs, the oil on the surface of sea water forms a dense layer. This prevents the penetration of sunlight, making it difficult for various species of photosynthetic algae to flourish. Oil pollutes and contaminates the ecosystem, causing the death of plant and animal species. As mangroves are breeding grounds for certain animal species, their reproduction is also severely affected. In some cases, oil spills can reach beaches, contaminating extensive stretches of sand, leaving them unsuitable for swimmers. In these cases, the entire tourism industry of a region may be affected leading to economic losses.

Urgent regulatory measures

Pollution of marine waters affected by oil is possible. However, in most cases, it is a slow and partial process. Measures should be taken to prevent even a minimal damage to the environment. The most viable cleaning technique should be the use of physical barriers. Thus, it is possible to prevent the spill from spreading over a larger area. As a result, technicians can remove oil from water using large suction pumps installed in ships. The following regulatory measures can be of great import in curbing this environmental challenge:

– Adoption of stringent accident prevention measures on oil rigs

– Efficient and constant government surveillance for security of oil tankers and oil rigs.

– Constant maintenance of oil rigs.

– Application of heavy fines for companies that violate safety standards in shipping and oil exploration.

– Cleaning oil storage tanks in appropriate locations so that contaminated water is not dumped right at the sea.

– One of the largest oil spills in history occurred in 1991, during the Gulf War. Iraqi soldiers opened the oil tanks from Kuwait, pouring the waters of the Persian Gulf about 230 million gallons of oil. The formed stain covered about 600 kilometers of coastal waters. The environmental damage was huge, as thousands of marine animals of different species died in the crash.

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